Two decades after the devastating 26/7 floods of 2005, which saw Mumbai receive 944mm of rain, killing 1,094 people, Maharashtra faces a grim repeat. In 2025, Kolhapur and Satara are submerged, and Pune has recorded a staggering 300% excess rainfall in June. As climate change intensifies these threats, the region's vulnerabilities remain glaring despite past reforms.

The 2005 disaster revealed Mumbai's critical failures, outdated drainage (25mm/hr capacity vs 944mm rainfall), 40% mangrove loss (1995-2005), and unchecked urbanisation. While 60 new weather stations now aid forecasting, Mumbai's flood-prone zones have grown 18% since 2005. As Maharashtra juggles floods and droughts, 2005's warnings ring louder than ever.

The floods brought India's Financial Capital to its knees; Bombay Stock Exchange operated at half-capacity, ATMs failed citywide, and Mumbai Airport remained shuttered for 30+ hours. With ₹5.5 billion in immediate losses, the crisis exposed alarming vulnerabilities. 52 trains were wrecked, 5 million mobile networks were down, and critical banking systems were collapsing.

The disaster revealed how Mumbai's outdated infrastructure could trigger nationwide economic shockwaves, from paralysed trading floors to supply chain breakdowns. More than just a weather event, it became a wake-up call for climate-resilient urban planning, proving that when Mumbai floods, India's economy bleeds.

The 2005 deluge permanently changed how policymakers view disaster preparedness, forcing investments in drainage systems and emergency protocols that are now being tested by 2025's extreme rains.

Since the 2005 catastrophe, Maharashtra has undertaken crucial mitigation measures:

• Drainage Upgrades: The BRIMSTOWAD project has completed 33 of 58 planned tasks, increasing drainage capacity to 50mm/hour - an improvement, but still insufficient for extreme cloudburst events.

• River Restoration: 11.8 km of the flood-prone Mithi River has been widened and deepened, protected by 16.5 km of retaining walls.

• Early Warning Systems: A network of 60 automated rain gauges and Doppler radars now provides real-time flood alerts.

However, critical challenges remain. Rampant urbanisation continues to eat into Mumbai's mangroves, nature's flood barriers, even as climate change creates paradoxical water crises, with 25% of districts now swinging between droughts and floods annually.

While the state's Climate Action Plan sets ambitious targets (including 50% renewable energy by 2030), implementation lags due to funding shortfalls and competing development priorities. The 2005 Mumbai floods have made clear that infrastructure upgrades must accelerate to match climate change's escalating threats.

In 2025, Maharashtra is again grappling with the threat of floods, though the landscape has shifted. While rainfall intensity has escalated due to climate change, improved early warning systems have enhanced disaster response. Yet, rapid urbanisation and overloaded drainage systems continue to heighten the flood risk.

Despite some infrastructure improvements since 2005, much remains to be done. The 2005 floods triggered initiatives like Mumbai's climate budget and underground holding tanks, but as extreme rainfall events become more frequent, the question remains: Is Mumbai’s infrastructure prepared, or is it running out of time?