2010 में भारत में बाघों की संख्या तेजी से गिरकर 3,200 हो गई थी, जिससे पूरे देश में चिंता की स्थिति पैदा हो गई थी। जिसके बाद बाघों के संरक्षण के लिए चलाई गई योजनाओं और प्रयासों के परिणामस्वरूप वर्तमान में हमारा देश 3,900 बाघों का घर है। इस जनसंख्या में राजस्थान के रणथंभौर टाइगर रिजर्व के बाघों की भी बड़ी हिस्सेदारी है, और अधिक आबादी के चलते इस रिर्ज़व में जगह की कमी हो गई है। कथित तौर पर, रणथंभौर और आसपास के क्षेत्रों में पैदा हुए बाघों और उनके शावकों की संख्या 2019 में 66 से बढ़कर 2021 में 81 हो गई है।
रणथंभौर में लापता हो रहे हैं बाघ
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रणथंभौर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान में जगह की कमी के कारण बाघों का लापता होना एक बड़ी समस्या बन चुका है। बाघों पर राज्य विधानसभा में प्रस्तुत रिकॉर्ड से पता चला है कि 2019 और 2021 के बीच रणथंभौर राष्ट्रीय उद्यान से कुल 13 बाघ गायब हो चुके हैं। अधिक आबादी और कम जगह के कारण बाघ जंगल छोड़कर जा रहे हैं और आसपास के क्षेत्रों में ग्रामीण लोगों को नुकसान पहुंचा रहे हैं।
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1,334 वर्ग किलोमीटर के क्षेत्र में फैले रणथंभौर टाइगर रिर्जव में बाघों के लिए जगह की कमी हो गई है, जिससे बाघों के बीच जगह को लेकर लड़ाई (टेरिटरी फाइट) की घटनाएं भी बढ़ गईं हैं, जिससे बाघ कई बार बुरी तरह से घायल हो जाते हैं और कभी-कभी उनकी मौत भी हो जाती है।
पर्यावरणविद् हर्षवर्धन कहते हैं – “बाघों को चुनौती का सामना करना पड़ रहा है, उनके वन क्षेत्र सिकुड़ रहे हैं। रिजर्व के अंदर बाघों की अधिक आबादी है, इसलिए रिजर्व के बाहर पुनर्वास किया जा रहा है। बाघ गलियारों (कॉरिडोर) की अनुपलब्धता के कारण, ग्रामीण लोग बाघों और बाघिनों करते हैं या फिर बाघ सड़क दुर्घटनाओं और हादसे का शिकार हो जाते हैं।” विशेष रूप से, 1973 में रणथंभौर टाइगर रिर्ज़व की स्थापना के बाद से, वर्तमान समय में बाघों की संख्या सबसे अधिक है।
